Zheng Yi Sao, also known as Ching Shih, was a powerful Chinese pirate leader who commanded one of the largest pirate fleets in history.

Born Shi Yang near Guangdong, she married the pirate Zheng Yi in 1801 and helped him unite rival pirate groups into a powerful confederation of six fleets, numbering up to 400 ships and 40,000–60,000 pirates. After Zheng Yi’s death in 1807, she assumed command with the support of Zheng’s adopted son and her later husband, Zhang Bao.

Under Zheng Yi Sao’s leadership, the confederation dominated the South China Sea, defeating the Qing navy, the Portuguese, and other foreign powers. Her fleets raided coastal towns and controlled trade routes, forcing the Qing government to seek foreign aid to stop them.

In 1810, Zheng Yi Sao negotiated a favorable surrender to Qing authorities, allowing her and Zhang Bao to keep 24 ships and over 1,400 pirates, avoid punishment, and even receive official ranks.

After retiring from piracy, she settled in Guangdong, ran a successful gambling house, and lived peacefully until her death in 1844 at about age 68.

She is remembered as history’s most successful female pirate, commanding the largest organized pirate fleet ever recorded.

All published appearances of Zheng Yi Sao from before January 1, )-(95)}} are public domain in the US.

Some notable appearances are listed below:

* History of the Pirates Who Infested the China Sea from 1807 to 1810 (1831)

* ''Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End'' (2007), directed by Gore Verbinski, featured a character played by Takayo Fischer named Mistress Ching that is loosely based on Zheng Yi Sao.

*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng_Yi_Sao Wikipedia]
*[https://historical-figures-in-media.fandom.com/wiki/Zheng_Yi_Sao Historical Figures in Media]
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